m b; a s; a n; r d
Abstract
Reduction of water losses due to increase in the applicationuniformity in sprinkler irrigation systems needs appropriate selection of the sprinklers spacing and arrangement. In the present study, to evaluate the impact of spacing and arrangement of sprinklers on uniformity coefficient (UC) of the irrigation ...
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Reduction of water losses due to increase in the applicationuniformity in sprinkler irrigation systems needs appropriate selection of the sprinklers spacing and arrangement. In the present study, to evaluate the impact of spacing and arrangement of sprinklers on uniformity coefficient (UC) of the irrigation system and to investigatethequalitative and quantitative changes of UC due to changes in the parameters of the area covered by the sprinkler and wind speed, the test of distribution pattern of a single sprinkler was performed. The test was conducted according to ISO 8026, ASAE S398.1and ISO 7749, 2 standards on three VYR 35, IRILINE 30, and RAINBIRD 40B sprinklers. In this study, the square shaped arrangement had the highest UC and lowest sensitivity to decreasing coefficient of uniformity with an average of 5.3% and 5.5 percent for the average increasing of 59.4% and 98.3 percent in the covered area and wind speed, respectively. The least sensitivity of the UC were obtained for the IRILINE sprinkler with the mean reduction values of 3.4% and 5.48 percent for the average increasing of 37% and 117.8 percent in the covered area and wind speed, respectively. Results showed that to achieve the desired coefficient of uniformity, the maximum sprinkler spacing should be considered as 40 percent of the nominal application diameter of the sprinkler with a square arrangement when wind speed exceeds 4 meters per second.
a r; a s; a.h n; r d; a f
Abstract
Use of the double ring infiltrometer to measure soil water infiltration in center pivot irrigation systems is not an accurate approach; because the real conditions of infiltration under center pivot sprinklers is different from what happens in the double ring. In this study, the infiltration parameters ...
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Use of the double ring infiltrometer to measure soil water infiltration in center pivot irrigation systems is not an accurate approach; because the real conditions of infiltration under center pivot sprinklers is different from what happens in the double ring. In this study, the infiltration parameters were determined under real conditions of a center pivot system. For this purpose, a single ring with drainage equipment was used which could measure both infiltration and runoff rates during the experiments. Field tests were carried out at agricultural research station of Tabriz University, where soil texture was sandy loam. Treatments of the experiments were two types of sprinkler (Ldn, I-wob), three operation pressures (15, 20, and 25 psi), and two sprinkler heights (1.6 and 2 meter) with three replications. The results showed that the average amounts of infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration in the double ring method were double of the mentioned amounts in the single ring method. Therefore, use of the double-ring method data in design phase causes a significant runoff in operation. The maximum amounts of infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration were obtained in irrigation with operation pressure of 25 psi and sprinkler height of 1.6 meter. The model of Kostiakov had the maximum coefficient of determination (R2) and the model of Green and Ampt had the minimum amount of standard error (SE) in fitting with the measured infiltration data under real condition of a center pivot system in the field.